واکاوی مکتب‌های مورفولوژی شهری

1- Introduction Urban morphology started to take place as an organized field of knowledge at the end of the nineteenth century (Whitehand,2007:1). Regarding the variety of forces that shape cities, it is natural to accept this field of knowledge as an interdisciplinary field. Urban morphology is briefly defined as:  The study of the form of cities over the time (Scheer, 2002: 106).  The field that studies the process of city building and its products (Moudon, 1998: 141).  The study of the physical (or built) fabric of urban form, and the people and processes shaping it (Jones and Larkham, 1991:55). Focusing on the positive revaluation of the urban fabric through different routes, three schools in Europe began to elaborate theories for the understanding of built environment and the relation between its elements. These schools are briefly discussed below. 2- Methodology This descriptive-comparative research paper is based on documentary studies of the authors taking into account the more comparative studies dealing with the most important and recent accounts of researches in this regard. 3- Discussion The three main schools of Urban Morphology in a chronological order are: